Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become a cornerstone of modern healthcare innovation, providing new opportunities to enhance clinical decision making, optimize resources, and improve population health outcomes. Within community nursing and public health, AI supports evidence based practice through predictive analytics, intelligent surveillance, and personalized health interventions. This review explores how AI can be effectively integrated into community nursing and public health systems to promote sustainable health development. Drawing from interdisciplinary research, it examines conceptual frameworks, practical applications, ethical considerations, and strategic implementation models. The article discusses AI’s role in predictive epidemiology, chronic disease management, health promotion, and workforce optimization, emphasizing the need for ethical governance and digital competence among nurses. Challenges such as algorithmic bias, data privacy, and unequal access to technology are critically analyzed, along with policy directions to ensure responsible innovation. The review concludes that AI integration in community nursing and public health must prioritize human centered design, interdisciplinary collaboration, and equitable access to ensure sustainability and trust in data driven healthcare.